Cardiac Catheterization Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• In the management of acute stent thrombosis, when might GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors be considered?
• Which parameter is not typically evaluated during a left ventricular angiogram?
• During a left heart catheterization, which pressures are typically measured to assess hemodynamics?
• Judkins-type guiding catheters are designed for selective engagement of which arteries?
• How is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) calculated and what does it indicate?
• What is a LV angiogram?
• How is regurgitation determined?
• What is the primary difference between a guiding catheter and an angiography catheter?
• Name three contrast-sparing strategies during cath labs for high-risk patients.
• What does quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) measure?
• Which catheter is used in a right heart catheterization?
• Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is obtained by:
• During a cardiac catheterization, the catheter is guided to which heart structures?
• Which sequence correctly outlines the basic steps of a standard left heart catheterization after femoral access?
• Which intravascular imaging modality offers the highest resolution but often requires clearing blood from the field?
• Cardiac catheterization may be indicated to assess which heart condition related to valves?
• Cath pressure tracings are acquired from chambers which relative to the stenotic/regurgitant valve to provide peak-to-peak gradients?
• What is the purpose of anticoagulation during diagnostic coronary angiography?
• Digital computerized images used in catheter-based procedures are also known as which term?
• Which approach is typical for managing a femoral access site complication?
• Which device has a mini ultrasound transducer and images the lumen of the coronary artery and outlines blood flow, and can be used with coronary angiography?
• During procedures that use a transeptal approach, which chamber is accessed directly?
• How do you calculate the pressure gradient using the Modified Bernoulli equation?
• In the cath lab, how is acute stent thrombosis typically treated?
• What does an elevated systemic vascular resistance imply in cardiac catheterization?
• In CTO PCI, which crossing approach is used when the antegrade approach fails?
• Which of the following is a possible acute cardiac event during the procedure?
• During right heart catheterization, which pressures are typically measured to assess cardiac filling and function?
• During diagnostic catheterization, which catheter is commonly used to measure aortic root pressures?
• In the Modified Bernoulli equation, p2 represents:
• Where are the typical insertion sites for a cardiac catheterization?
• What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure range in the aorta?
• What imaging technique provides immediate visualization inside the body during catheter placement?
• Which catheter abbreviation stands for Amplatz Left, commonly used for engaging the left coronary system?
• Define cardiac index and how it is calculated.
• When evaluating a stenotic valve, which chamber experiences pressure fall?
• In the Modified Bernoulli equation, p1 represents:
• What is the general policy on antibiotic prophylaxis for PCI?
• Which action would not reduce radiation exposure in the cath lab?
• Allergic reactions to contrast during the procedure are a recognized risk. Which option reflects this risk?
• In ACC/AHA lesion classification, which type is most complex?
• Cardiac catheterization may be used to verify and support data from which type of testing?
• During a transeptal procedure, the right heart catheter travels from the RA to the LA via which structure?
• Which statement about intravascular imaging in calcified lesions is true?
• During diagnostic coronary angiography, what is the purpose of contrast injections?
• What is the normal pressure in the left atrium / pulmonary capillary wedge?
• Which procedure creates a new route for blood flow around blocked coronary arteries?
• A high mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) most likely indicates which of the following conditions?
• Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is an indirect measure of pressure in which side of the heart?
• Which modality is most accurate for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction during cath?
• Which catheter-based procedure uses a cutting device, whirling blade, or laser beam to remove plaque?
• What are common radial access complications and their management?
• Which of the following is a risk from the contrast used during the cardiac catheterization?
• Plaque buildup inside the wall of a coronary artery results in what?
• What is the main advantage of transradial access for diagnostic coronary angiography?
• What type of catheter is commonly used for selective engagement of the left and right coronary arteries in diagnostic angiography?
• What is the term for the average gradient derived from all velocities within the flow between two chambers?
• What is a coronary angiogram?
• What radiographic signs suggest a coronary perforation with tamponade?
• The mean gradient is derived from which data?
• The left heart catheterization provides information about which structures?
• Why is intravascular imaging important for calcified lesions?
• A cardiac catheterization is most helpful in which of the following?
• How does a pigtail catheter differ from a guiding catheter in diagnostic cath?
• Which catheters are commonly used to selectively engage the left coronary system?
• What is the purpose of heparin during left heart catheterization?
• Which of the following is not among the listed procedures to treat plaque?
• What is the typical target range for activated clotting time during PCI with unfractionated heparin?
• Which catheter is primarily used for contrast injections and vessel visualization?
• In invasive hemodynamics, which unit is used to report pressures such as those in the aorta and left ventricle?
• What best describes stent underexpansion and why it is problematic?
• Procedure where a balloon is inflated at the level of plaque that presses plaque against the wall of the artery?
• Which noninvasive modality is commonly used to assess left ventricular function equivalent to ventriculography?
• What is the role of pulmonary angiography in evaluating dyspnea with suspected thromboembolism?
• Which procedure is performed in conjunction with an angioplasty and leaves a small expandable wire tube in the artery to keep it open?
• How is coronary perforation recognized and what are the typical initial treatment options during PCI?
• Which criterion indicates hemodynamically significant left main or proximal LAD stenosis?
• What is balloon atrial septostomy and in what condition is it used?
• During catheter placement, which imaging modality is essential for proper catheter placement?
• Which imaging modality is generally better for evaluating calcified plaques within vessels?
• During high-risk PCI, what is the purpose of a temporary pacing lead?
• What is Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) and its diagnostic threshold?
• What is the name of the approach where the catheter is passed from the right atrium through the wall to the left atrium to access pressures directly?
• After coronary stenting, what determines the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy?
• What is the role of protamine in the cath lab?
• What is the best technique to evaluate LV function (global or segmental)?
• What is the standard approach to achieving hemostasis after radial artery access?
• What is the purpose of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in PCI optimization?
• Which factors increase the risk of stent thrombosis and how can it be mitigated?
• Which statement accurately describes contrast-sparing measures?
• Which imaging modality requires blood clearance to obtain high-quality images?
• How is thermodilution cardiac output measurement performed?
• Which option lists common acute complications of diagnostic coronary angiography?
• In intravascular imaging, which statement best describes its typical use during PCI?
• How is left ventricular end-diastolic pressure obtained?
• What is the role of aortography in routine diagnostic coronary angiography?
• Which statement accurately describes diagnostic coronary angiography versus diagnostic left heart catheterization?
• What is a key advantage of radial artery access for diagnostic catheterization?
• If coronary vasospasm is suspected during catheterization, what is the expected effect of vasodilator administration?
• What is the most common insertion site for a left heart catheterization?
• What is radial artery spasm and how is it treated?
• In echocardiography, which equation relates velocity to pressure gradient across a valve orifice?
• How does instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) differ from invasive FFR?
• What does the dP/dt max value reflect during LV pressure tracing in catheterization?
• What does TIMI flow grade measure?
• Which of the following are major risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy?
• Which of the following can be obtained during a right heart catheterization?
• What procedure introduces contrast into the aorta to determine aortic insufficiency?
• What does the Fick principle relate to cardiac output measurement?
• What pressure is obtained distal to the balloon wedge?
• What type of tracings are used to determine valvular gradient magnitudes in a hemodynamic assessment?
• What is the most common procedure in the cath lab?
• Selective engagement of coronary ostia is performed to visualize which structures?
• Which access route is commonly used for diagnostic coronary angiography due to reduced bleeding risk?
• During diagnostic coronary angiography, when are hemodynamic measurements obtained?
• Which statement best describes typical pre-procedure management considerations for a cath procedure?
• Left ventriculography provides which information?
• Which imaging technique documents left ventricular size and function during left heart catheterization?
• What is the typical ACT target during a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure?
• Which sequence best describes the typical steps of diagnostic coronary angiography?
• Which step is performed to measure left ventricular pressures during left heart catheterization?
• What is the basic principle behind thermodilution cardiac output measurement?
• Cardiac catheterization may be used to assess disease of which myocardial tissue?
• What is considered the gold standard for evaluating cardiac anatomy and pressures?
• Which statement best distinguishes IVUS and OCT imaging characteristics?
• What constitutes an absolute contraindication to iodinated contrast?
• What is a primary purpose of diagnostic coronary angiography?
• How are maximum and mean pressure gradients measured?
• Which technique is used to assess stenoses from different angles during coronary angiography?
• Compared with echocardiography, left ventriculography during catheterization is considered to be:
• Which signs suggest acute pericardial tamponade after catheterization?
• How is cardiac output calculated using the Fick principle with VO2 and O2 content data?
• Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is an indirect estimate of which pressure?
• Compared with bare-metal stents, drug-eluting stents have which characteristics regarding restenosis risk and dual antiplatelet therapy duration?
• Describe the thermodilution method for measuring cardiac output.
• Premedication with steroids and antihistamines before contrast administration is intended to prevent what during imaging?
• What is the most appropriate initial step when left main stenosis is suspected to be hemodynamically significant prior to intervention?
• What is evaluated during a LV angiogram?
• What is the common bifurcation stenting strategy?
• Which statement about the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is true?
• Which are common indications for intravascular imaging during PCI?
• Which step is essential to ensure safe catheter withdrawal?
• What defines a chronic total occlusion (CTO) in coronary intervention, and which basic crossing strategy is used?
• Which intervention is performed to keep a vessel open after angioplasty?
• How do preload and afterload relate to invasive hemodynamic measurements?
• What is the Mehran risk score used for?
• The ____ chamber has a decrease in pressure when evaluating stenotic valves?
• Define fractional flow reserve (FFR) and its standard threshold for ischemia.
• How should a patient with a known contrast allergy be managed if contrast use is essential?
• Which factor is NOT included in the Mehran risk score for predicting contrast-induced nephropathy?
• What is the typical antiplatelet therapy strategy after coronary stenting?
• How do FFR and iFR differ in assessing coronary stenosis?
• Which imaging methods are used to assess regurgitation during cath?
• What does quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) measure?
• The ____ chamber has an increase in pressure when evaluating stenotic valves?
• How is a coronary dissection managed during catheterization?
• What is the typical sequence of steps in a routine diagnostic coronary angiography?
• Some stenosis cases can be treated in the cath lab with which procedure?
• Name two intravascular imaging modalities and one key difference between them.
• In PCI, thrombus aspiration is particularly beneficial in which scenario?
• When evaluating a stenotic valve, which chamber experiences pressure rise?
• A pigtail catheter is primarily used for which purpose during left heart catheterization?
• What are the primary differences between diagnostic coronary angiography and diagnostic left heart catheterization?
• In the echo lab, what measurement is obtained using Doppler to determine velocity, and which equation is used to estimate the pressure gradient from velocity?
• What is the recommended management of radial artery spasm during transradial PCI?
• Which of the following is a possible fatal outcome during a cardiac catheterization?
• Which action is not part of the standard left heart catheterization procedure after femoral access?
• What pressure is obtained when the balloon is deflated?
• Which term describes removing plaque with a catheter-mounted cutting device, rotating blade, or laser?
• Which artery is cited with an example of 80% occlusion due to plaque?
• Cardiac catheterization is very helpful in evaluating which valve abnormalities?
• What is the primary purpose of diagnostic coronary angiography?
• Right heart catheterization provides which measurements not typically obtained from standard left heart cath?
• Peak-to-peak gradient is defined as the difference between which pressures?
• Under which circumstance is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for PCI?
• Which complication is rare in radial artery access and should be mitigated with proper technique?
• Hardening of an artery?
• Which antiplatelet therapy is standard in PCI?
• Which strategy best reduces radiation exposure in the cath lab?
• How can right heart catheterization help distinguish left-sided vs right-sided heart failure?
• Which parameter is commonly used to assess preload in invasive hemodynamics?
• Which technique enables direct access to left atrial pressure during right heart catheterization?
• Which strategies are recommended to reduce contrast-induced nephropathy in angiography procedures?
• What is the most common insertion site for a right heart catheterization?
• Why is nitroglycerin administered during coronary angiography?
• How does invasive FFR differ from instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR)?
• In CTO interventions, which statement describes antegrade and retrograde approaches?
• What is the normal left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressure range?
• When a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter passes from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and wedges, which pressure is obtained?
• Which catheter is commonly used in a left heart catheterization?
• Which of the following is an indication for cardiac catheterization?
• On angiography, how can you differentiate thrombotic occlusion from embolic occlusion?
• Which parameter is NOT measured by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)?
• What can cath pressures also measure?
• What procedure introduces contrast into the left ventricle to determine mitral regurgitation?
• What is acquired during a left heart catheterization?
• Which Doppler technique correlates best with cath lab findings for mean pressure gradient?
• When is intravascular lithotripsy indicated?
• Which imaging studies are typically obtained to evaluate coronary anatomy during left heart catheterization?
• When is TIMI 3 flow considered acceptable after PCI?
• What kind of tracings are done in the cath lab to assess transvalvular gradients?
• In CTO procedures, which approach relies on collateral channels from the distal vessel to reach the occlusion?
• Which statement describes the use of vasodilators to treat coronary vasospasm during catheterization?
• Name high-risk anatomic features that complicate PCI.
• What is the purpose of using multiple views during coronary angiography?
• Which complication can involve cardiac tamponade or pericardial effusion during the procedure?
• Which of the following is a risk at the entry site during a cardiac catheterization?
• What information does a Swan-Ganz catheter provide?
• Where does the catheter travel during a right heart catheterization?
• What should prompt immediate diagnostic reevaluation or bailout during PCI (e.g., sudden hemodynamic collapse)?
• Which methods are commonly used to obtain cardiac output during right heart catheterization?
• Which imaging modality provides high-resolution lumen and thin-cap details?
• What is a common immediate therapeutic maneuver to control ongoing coronary perforation during PCI?
• Which organization requires correlations between TTE, TEE, SE, and CATH for QA in an accredited lab?
• Catheter-induced coronary dissection is a tear in the coronary intima caused by catheter manipulation. What is the typical management?
• What are the four comparison modalities used for QA correlations?
• What does maximal hyperemia achieve during FFR assessment?
• Rationale for thrombus aspiration or distal protection devices in PCI?
• Explain the Fick principle used to calculate cardiac output.
• When there is presence of plaque a decision will be made as to which procedure will be needed... name the procedures?
• When is a drug-eluting balloon used, and how does it differ from a stent?
• Which procedure may involve obtaining a myocardial biopsy during catheterization?
• Which statement describes the contrast used in LV angiography?
• Intravascular imaging (IVUS/OCT) is particularly helpful during PCI for what purpose?
• Which statement about selective engagement of the left coronary system is true?
• Which of the following is a potential stroke risk related to cardiac catheterization?
• In a left heart catheterization, the catheter typically travels from which sequence?
• What does pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) estimate, and why is it important?
• What is instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and its clinical use?
• During cath lab procedures, mechanical circulatory support is most appropriate in which setting?
• What does a coronary angiogram evaluate?
• Why is mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) measured during right heart catheterization?
• Which indication involves evaluating the function of the left ventricle?
• What is the purpose of a microcatheter in PCI?
• What is the term for the highest pressure gradient between two chambers during peak instantaneous measurement?
• In pediatric patients, catheterization is particularly helpful for evaluating what?
• Tamponade physiology on invasive hemodynamics is most accurately suggested by which finding?
• What hemodynamic pattern is typical of advanced left-sided heart failure?
• Compared with femoral access, radial access typically offers which advantage?
• What does the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure estimate?